Grinding machine



C. H. NORTON GRINDING MACHINE May 5, 1931.

Filed Nov. 8, 1920 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 m. .m. i

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May 5, 1931. c. H. NORTON 1,803,807

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GRINDING MACHINE Filed Nov. 8, 1920 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 @www Pfg' 5 Ummm www @harles H. Noron M C1. SM @KA/,

Patented May 5, 193i CHARLES H. NORTON', 0F WORCESTER, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSEGNOR T0 NORTON COM- IPANY, 0F WORCESTER, MASSACHUSETTS, A

CORPORATION 0F MASSACHUSETTS eannrive MACHINE Application filed. November S, 1920. Serial No. 422,412.

My invention relates to grinding machines and more particularly to mechanism for traversing the grinding wheel and the work relative to each other at a rapid rate.

ln production grinding of work pieces of similar shape, the time consumed o n each piece depends upon the rate at which the work is traversed past the grinding wheel. lt has been found that the wheel should be rotated rapidly but fed into the work slowly so as to produce a shallow cut and that the wheel should be as wide as feasible and the work traversed past it at such a rate that the wheel will just cover the work. It, however, is ound that this rate of relative traverse oi5 the two heavy machine tables is limited by the amount of permissible shock and vibration incident to reversing the direction of travel of the moving body. Otherwise chatter marks and other detrimental effects would appear upon the work.

lt is accordingly an object oi my invention to provide a grinding machine in which the work and the wheel tables may be reciprocated relative to each other at a rate heretofore considered impossible and to produce such rapid traverse without material shock and consequent detrimental grinding action.

With this and other objects in view, as will be apparent in the following disclosure, my invention resides in the combination of parts described in the specification and covered by the claims appended hereto.

ln the drawings in which like reference numerals indicate like parts:

Figure 1 is a iront elevation of a grinding machine for plane surfaces embodying my invention;

Fig. 2 is a vertical section, showing the driving mechanism partly broken away;

Fig. 3 is a detached plan view of the reversing and driving mechanism, the bearings and the supports for this mechanism being omitted;

Fig. 4. is a front elevation of al portion of one type of cylindrical grinding machine embodyin my invention;

Fig. 5 is a section partly in elevation of the cylindrical grinding machine, showing a portion of the driving mechanism;

Fig. 6 is a detailin section of a portion of the feeding mechanism for the wheel carriage; and y Fig. 7 is a front elevation of the wheel carriage showing the feeding mechanism :tor the cylindrical grinding machine.

rlhe two main types of grinding machines in this art are to be differentiated by the fact that in one the work supporting table is reciprocated past a rotating wheel which is fed transversely into the work, while the other type involves mechanism tor reciprocating the wheel past a stationary work support, the wheel being similarly Jfed towards the work.

In accordance with my invention, l propose to reciprocate both the wheel carriage and the work table past each other in order to double the speed heretofore considered feasible. As shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, m invention may be appliedto a surface grin er which involves a base 1() having a work supporting table 11 slidably mounted on a parallel il-way 12 and flat way 13, as is usual in this art, and a wheel carriage 15 mounted to slide'transversely relative to the pathof the' work carriage on suitable l! and flat ways 16 and 17 respectively, these ways being in the upper surface of a wheel carrying table 18 mounted to reciprocate parallel with the Work table on cooperating parallel V and dat ways 19 and 20 Jformed in the base of the machine and the under side of the table, as shown in Fig. 2.

The grinding wheel 21 mounted on a spindle 22 supported horizontally in suitable bearings in the wheel carriage 15 may be driven by suitable means, such as an electric motor 23 mounted on the wheel carriage 15 and connected by a belt with a pulley 24; on the wheel spindle, the details of this part of my mechanism being constructed in accordance with well known practice in this art.

ln order to drive the work table and the wheel supporting table simultaneously in opposite directions, l may provide a mechanism such as illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3 2 l 1,sos,sov

comprising vthe drive shaft 30 suitably gears 55 and 56 mounted to'rotate therewith, mounted 1n the base of the machine and the gear 55 meshln with a rack 57 on the adapted to be driven from any external under side of the w eel table 18. In order source of power, as indicated by the three that the work carrying table may recipro- 5 step pulley 31. A clutch 32 of suitable concate in an opposite dlrection at the same 70 struction may be provided to disconnect the time, an intermediate gear 58 is interposed shaft 30 from the-pulley shaft 33. The form between the gear 56 and the rack 59 on the illustrated involves a member 34 keyed to work table 11. shaft 33 and having cluh teeth thereon and Suitable mechanism is also provided to a shiftable clutch member 35 slidably keyed operate the reversing clutch and provide a 75 to the shaft 30 for engagement with and disvariable traverse for the tables. The form engagement from the clutch teeth of member shown comprises dogs 60 and 61 slidably 34 this slidable movement being caused by a mounted in a T-slot 62 on the wheel carriage yoke 36 en aging the sides of a groove 37 181 for adjustment to any desired position.

1n the clutc member 35. This yoke may be These dogs, whlch may be held in osition 80 operated by suitable mechanism such as a by suitable clamps, cooperate with t e lever handle 38 on the outside of the machine 63 pivoted on the machine and engagin the `fixed to the member 39 pivoted in the wall reci-procable member 64 of a load an fire of the machine and rigidly connected with mechanism as fully shown in my prior Patthe yoke member 36. ent No. 762,838. As illustrated in Fig. 3, 85

, A reversing clutch mechanism of suitable this part 64 is connected through springs 65 type, such as mag7 be found in my prior Patand 66 with a member carrying the yoke 67 ent N o. 762,838 ated June 14, 1904, is interwhich engages the slidable clutch member posed between the shaft 30 and the drive 68 of the reversing mechanism. This memshaft 42 of an easy start driving mechanism. be'r 68 is keyed to the shaft 30 and is adapt- 9o This driving mechanism, as fully disclosed ed to be thrown into engagement with clutch in my prior Patent No. 1,261,158 'dated teeth on the gears 69 fixed to shaft 30 or 70 April 2, 1918, may involve a screw threaded fixed on shaft 42. Hence, gear 70 is driven member 44 slidabl and rotatably mounted either by the gear 69 through the intermeon the shaft 42 andI adapted to'be driven by diate gear 71 or directly from the recipro- 95 two friction driving members 45 and 46 cable clutch member 68. It of course is fixed to the shaft 4 These members have obvious that any suitable reversing mechanconical surfaces adapted to engage similarl ism may be substituted for the one herein shaped reverse cones in the cam members 4 illustrated.' It will therefore be seen that and 48 mounted on the ends of the worm when the shaft 33 is driven, the tables 11 100 member 44. The shaft 49 is driven by the and 18 will be reciprocated 1n opposite diworm 44 through the intermediate worm rections past each other until one of the dogs gear 50 on shaft 49 which meshes with the 60 or 61 strikes thelever 63 and throws the` worm, and this gear, upon each reversal in load and fire mechanism to reverse the direcdirection of motlon, is given an easy start tion of travel, wherelpon the table will be 105 by sliding the worm longitudinally of its given an easy and gra ual start in the oppoaxis, i-n accordance with predetermined cam site direction, due to the influence of the curves. Tothis end the members 47 and 48 cam members of the reversing mechanism. 'are provided with cam surfaces 51 and 52 In the forms illustrated in Figs. 4 to 7 which are engaged by cam rollers 53 and 54 inclusive, I have shown the same idea as 11o mounted on the cone driving members 45 applied to a cylindrical grindin machine in and 46 to rotate with the shaft 42. It is which the wheel axis is paral el with the evident therefore that when the shaft 42 work axis and the work is rotatably mountstarts to rotate in the direction indicated by ed on suitable head and tail stocks 80 and the arrow in Fig. 3, the roller 53 will climb 81 adjustably positioned on the work carry- 115 up the cam path on the member 47 and so ing table 82 which is pivotally mounted on move the worm 43 longitudinally of its axis the lower table 11, all in accordance with at a gradually increasing rate, as determined constructions well known in this art. The by the shape of the cam path. The worm driving mechanism for this construction having its pitch suitably proportioned for may also be made as illustrated in Fig. 3. 12o this purpose will not rotate during this For the sake of clarity of illustration, the starting period, but will serve as a rack bar headstock is shown as being driven by a belt to turnv the wheel 50 until the tables have 83 from an overhead drive, but I may obviattained full speed and the friction drive beously employ any suitable mechanism for C3 tween the members 45 and 48 will have rotating the work in accordance with my 125 started the worm to rotating, this transition patents heretofore ygranted on self-contained in driving motion taking place easily since grinding machines. the worm is light and will not cause mate- In order to'feed the wheel into the wor rial shock when started to rotate. The shaft may rovide various types of wheel fee I o5 49 in the embodiment illustrated has two A simp e formfor the cylindrical grinding 130- machine in which the wheel carriage is fed in toward the work by hand without the use of automatically actuated devices is shown in Figs. 5, 6 and 7, according to which I provide a screw 84 mounted in suitable bearings transversely of the carriage 18 in engagement with a threaded half nut 85 rigidly carried on the bottom of the wheel carriage 15 and preferably, as shown in Fig. 6, beneath the V-way, the support 87 for this half nut extending through a slot in the V-way of the carriage 15. The screw 84 is rotated by means of a bevel gear 88 on the end of the spindle engaging a bevel gear 89 on the cross shaft 90 mounted on the table 18. This shaft 90 is in turn rotated through bevel gears 91 and 92, the latter being on the lower portion of an upright shaft 98 supportedby a bracket from the table 18, the shaft 93 being adapted to be turned to a desired extent by the hand wheel 94.

An automatically actuated cross feed mechanism may be provided if desired and, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the feed mechanism illustrated in my prior Patent No. 1,197,700 dated September 12, 1916, may be adapted for use on the surface grinding machine. This mechanism comprises a gear 100 on the end of shaft 84 which meshes with gear 101 on the shaft 102. A ratchet wheel 108 fixed to the shaft 102 is actuated by a pawl 104 mounted to swing about the shaft 102. This pawl is moved to pull downwardly on the teeth of the ratchet wheel by means of a pitman 105 eccentrically pivoted on the wheel 106 which is rotated by means of a rack and pinion mechanism. The rack 107 engaging the pinion 108 fixed to the wheel 106 is reciprocated by means of a lever 109 pivotally mounted on the carriage 18. This lever carries an arm 110 having a membei` 111 slidably mounted onl the arm and to which the rack member 107 is hinged. This lever 109 is adapted to be swung to and fro by means of dogs 112 and 118 adjustably mounted in the T-slot 114 on the machine base, all as will be more clearly understood from a perusal of my prior specification. According to this construction the wheel is fed a predetermined amount toward the work upon each reversal in direction of traverse of the wheel carriage 18 due to one of the dogs striking the lever 109 and thereby actuating the pawl 104.

The operation of my grinding machine is obvious from the above disclosure, it being apparent that when the shaft 30 is rotated, the tables 11 and 18 will be reciprocated in opposite directions past each other until one of the dogs 60 vor G1 strikes the lever 63 and throws the load and fire mechanism to reverse the direction of travel, whereupon the table will be given an easy and gradual start in the opposite direction, due to the influence of the cam members of the reversing mechanism.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

l. A grinding machine comprising a base having parallel ways thereon, two tables mounted on said ways for reciprocation past each other, one of said tables constituting a work support, a wheel slide on the other table which is reciprocable transversely thereof, a rotatable grinding wheel carried on said slide, a cross feed mechanism to move the slide and feed the grinding wheel relative to the work, a single driving and reversing mechanism to reciprocate the tables in opposite directions past each other simultaneously and means including adjustable dogs actuated by one of said tables to operate said mechanism and reverse the direction ofv movement of both tables.

2. A grinding machine comprising a base having parallel ways thereon, two tables mounted on said ways for reciprocation past each other, one of said tables constituting a work support, a wheel slide on one table movable transversely thereof, a rotatable grinding wheel carried on said slide, a cross feed mechanism to feed the grinding wheel into the work and means including a driving and reversing mechanism operatively connected to simultaneously reciprocate the grinding wheel table and the work table in opposite directions to increase the relative traverse speed between the grinding wheel and work.

3. A grinding machine comprising a base having parallel ways thereon, two tables mounted on said ways for reciprocation past each other, one of said tables constituting a work support, a wheel slide on the other table movable transversely thereof, a rotatable grinding wheel carried on the wheel slide, a cross feed mechanism to feed the grinding Wheel into the work to size the same, means including a single reversing mechanism operatively connected to both of said tables to simultaneously reciprocate the grinding wheel and work in opposite directions through a variable length of stroke to increase the relative feed between the grindin wheel and work.

igned at Worcester, Massachusetts, 5th day of Nov. 1920.

. CHARLES H. NORTON'.

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